Isolation and identification of compounds from Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl fruit extract

Objective:To identify and isolate the chemical compounds of Phaleria macrocarpa (P.macrocarpa) fruit ethanolic extract.Methods:Dried fruit of P.macrocarpa was extracted with 90％ ethanol and partitioned between n-hexane/H2O and ethyl acetate/H2O.The organic layer was fractionated by various stationary phase and identified by using combined data of ID [(proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR),carbon-13 NMR)],2D-NMR (heteronuclear multiplequantum correlation and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation),and mass spectrum.Results:Purification of n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions from ethanolic extract of P.macrocarpa fruit resulted in isolation of nine compounds.Conclusions:A new compound was isolated and identified as glyceryl pentacosanoate.Also,two xanthones,which are 1,7-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone and 1,6,7-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone,are firstly reported to be isolated from P.macrocarpa.

Production of secondary metabolite E2.2 from Phaleria macrocarpa endophytic fungus

Objective: To isolate new endophytic fungus from Phaleria macrocarpa (P. macrocarpa) that is able to produce E2.2 compound. Methods: Endophytic fungi were isolated from P. macrocarpa. Morphological and molecular identification was done to determine the species of the endophytic fungus. High performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the ability of this fungus to produce E2.2 compound and to quantify the total yield of E2.2 from fungal fermen-tation. Fermentation process was optimized by observing suitable medium, pH and length of fermentation process. Phloroglucinol and gallic acid addition were examined to determine the effect of each compound on E2.2 production. Results: One endophytic fungus was successfully isolated from P. macrocarpa plant. Morphological and molecular identification showed that it was a Colletotrichum gloeo-sporioides which belonged to Glomerellaceae family. This fungus showed highest pro-duction of E2.2 when incubated in potato dextrose broth with initial pH value of the medium at 5, and was incubated for 15 days. Phloroglucinol was found to better enhance E2.2 production. Conclusions: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides found in P. macrocarpa plant is prom-ising as a potential alternative source of E2.2.